lower respiratory tract infection
Release time : 06/08/2025 09:30:01
Respiratory infections are divided into upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections.
Upper respiratory tract infection is the general term for acute inflammation from the nasal cavity to the larynx and is the most common infectious disease.
Lower respiratory tract infection is the most common infectious disease. During treatment, the pathogen causing the infection must be identified and effective antibiotics must be selected.
What is lower respiratory infection Before understanding lower respiratory infection, let's first understand what the lower respiratory tract is.
The lower respiratory tract refers to the area below the glottis, which includes the trachea and bronchi.
The lower respiratory tract is not only a conduit through which air passes, but also has the functions of defending, removing foreign objects, and regulating air temperature and humidity.
Lower respiratory tract infections include: acute tracheo-bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, etc.
It is caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella and other microorganisms.
Lower respiratory tract infections are common hospital-acquired infections, with Gram-negative bacteria being the predominant pathogens, accounting for about 70% of cases. Among these, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, which constitutes 20% of the total. Fungi and viruses also play significant roles in such infections.
Lower respiratory tract infection is the most common infectious disease, and it is necessary to identify the pathogen causing the infection for the effective selection of antibiotics.
The antibiotics available for clinical use are increasing, and the resistant strains are also increasing. The application of large doses of cephalosporins has resulted in an increase in nosocomial infections, especially those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus.
Advances in serology and molecular biology have led to an increased understanding of Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, or Legionella infections.
Fluorinated quinolones and macrolides have attracted attention.
The cause of lower respiratory tract infection, as one of the respiratory infections, is how it forms. For a disease, only by understanding the causes can we effectively treat it.
What are the causes of lower respiratory tract infections? The pathogens invade the lower respiratory tract through three routes: microorganisms from the oral and pharyngeal areas.
Inhalation of aerosols containing bacteria.
Bloodborne spread of infection to other sites.
1. Most lower respiratory infections are caused by viral infections, mainly related to rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, echovirus, adenovirus, coxsackie virus, etc.
When the body's resistance is low, such as cold, rain, fatigue, etc., or the old and young are weak. People with chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract are more likely to develop the disease.
2. Abnormal immune function.
Pediatrics is an age group where the immune system is not yet fully developed and is in a state of immunodeficiency, and premature infants have low levels of immunoglobulins, making them prone to recurrent infections.
Nutritional deficiency.
The most common thing is to accommodate children in every way in their diet, and children develop the problem of picky eaters, which can easily lead to deficiencies in trace elements and vitamins, resulting in low immunity.
Environmental factors.
The incidence of relapse in households using coal as fuel is 19 times higher than that in households using clean fuels.
In addition, poor indoor ventilation can also reduce children's resistance.
The symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections that people may hear most about are upper respiratory tract infections, but they are not very familiar with lower respiratory tract infections. Are the symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections the same as the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections? If a child has a lower respiratory infection, how should parents find out? Lower respiratory infection is a type of respiratory infection. Respiratory infection is divided into upper respiratory infection and lower respiratory infection.
Upper respiratory tract infection is the general term for acute inflammation from the nasal cavity to the larynx and is the most common infectious disease.
Lower respiratory tract infection is the most common infectious disease. During treatment, the pathogen causing the infection must be identified and effective antibiotics must be selected.
Lower respiratory tract infections mainly refer to the areas below the larynx, including the trachea, bronchus, and lungs. Common diseases include tracheitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Specific symptoms are mainly manifested as severe cough, excessive phlegm, fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, and a few include fatigue, low fever, asthma, difficulty breathing, X-ray chest X-ray examination showed thick texture and patchy shadows in the lungs.
Once the child develops these symptoms, parents must take the child to the hospital for examination in time.
What medicine should I take for lower respiratory tract infections? When a child is found to have a lower respiratory infection, parents must pay enough attention to it and take the child to the hospital in a timely manner for examination and receive correct and effective treatment.
What medicine should I take for lower respiratory infections? Mom Net Encyclopedia will answer you.
1. Patients with mild illnesses should take Banlangen Granule and Compound Ganmaoling orally and provide symptomatic treatment.
2. Patients with moderate fever can be injected intramuscularly with ribavirin or Shuanghuanglian injection.
3. Patients with bacterial infections are treated with oral compound trimoxazole or intramuscular penicillin.
4. Early application of interferons can rapidly produce antiviral effects on cells, leading to an improvement in clinical conditions.
Fluoroquinolones are an important class of antibiotics for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in recent years. The emergence of new fluoroquinolone derivatives has significantly broadened their pharmacological activity, especially against Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
This type of antibiotic has high tissue concentration and low minimum inhibitory concentration (mIC) characteristics. It is used in clinical settings to treat nosocomial respiratory infections and infection in the ICU.
Although ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is currently recognized as effective against community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections, it is not used as the first choice. It is used only for patients resistant to common antibiotics and those allergic to multiple drugs. The main reason is that ciprofloxacin has a high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
It is primarily used in Europe and North America for treating mild community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.
Protective Measures for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Lower respiratory tract infection is a common disease, and if it is not treated in time, it may pose a threat to a child's health.
However, treatment is indeed important.
It would be the best result if one could prevent any mishaps before they occur.
What are the protective measures for lower respiratory infections? Preventive measures: 1. Pay attention to cold and keep warm at ordinary times. In case of climate change, change clothes at any time. If you are weak and susceptible, you can often take drugs such as Yupingfeng Powder to prevent the occurrence of exogenous diseases.
2. Abstain from smoking, avoid inhaling dust and all toxic or irritating gases.
3. Strengthen physical exercise and enhance physical fitness.
4. When eating or feeding, attention should be focused, with patients being required to chew slowly and thoroughly to prevent ingesting food while speaking, which can result in aspiration into the lungs.
Nursing Care: 1. Frequent turning and back blowing to help the respiratory secretions be expelled.
When a baby coughs frequently, it can be distressing for them to sleep. Parents should remember to frequently turn and pat the baby's back to help expel mucus from their respiratory tract.
2. Eat more fruits and soups, less eggs.
Food should be light and add more water and vitamin C, but be careful not to eat too much at once. Too much protein can cause indigestion.
3. Use a thin cotton swab or nasal aspirator for nasal congestion.
When your baby has nasal congestion or congestion, use a cotton swab stained with warm water to moisten the nasal scab and remove the nasal scab bit by bit. Parents should be careful not to use too much force.
Choose a small cotton swab, which is easier to use than a traditional cotton swab.
The nasal aspirator can also be useful at this time.
4. Bring your own temperature and humidity meter, maintain air circulation, and open windows 2 to 3 times a day.
Bring your own thermohygrometer. You can sell it in big supermarkets.
Maintain indoor air circulation, open windows 2 to 3 times a day, and control the temperature and humidity in the room. The temperature is about 18℃~22℃, and the humidity is about 60%.
5. Apply it to your forehead (antipyretic paste) and wipe it with alcohol.
If your baby has a fever, apply a cold towel to your forehead to reduce the baby's fever, and you can also choose a hot dressing.
In addition, 30% to 50% alcohol can also help your baby physically cool down.
The medical part covered in this article is for reading and reference only.
If you feel unwell, it is recommended to seek medical attention immediately, and the medical diagnosis and treatment will be subject to offline diagnosis.