Methods of immunization
Release time : 06/14/2025 09:30:01
Immunization is the process of administering pathogens or immunogenic substances to humans through artificial means, which induces the production of antibodies in the body and achieves the purpose of preventing diseases.
What are the methods of vaccination and what precautions should be taken during vaccination? Below, let's delve into a detailed explanation for everyone.
The method of immunization will vary according to the type and function of the vaccine.
When vaccinating, the following method is usually adopted.
1. Intramuscular Injection Method: This method is commonly used for administering weak virus vaccines and inactivated vaccines, with the injection site typically being on the buttocks and sides of the neck.
For example, hepatitis B, tetanus, and rabies vaccines are all administered by intramuscular injection.
2. Subcutaneous Injection: Many weak virus vaccines and inactivated vaccines are administered by subcutaneous injection, usually into the inner thigh or anterolateral aspect of the elbow.
When the measles, mumps and rubella vaccines are administered, subcutaneous injection is required.
3. Intradermal injection: This method of vaccination is seldom used, and the site of administration is usually on the skin around the tail root.
Intradermal injection is required for BCG vaccination and tuberculin testing.
4. Oral method: mixing the vaccine in feed or drinking water.
For instance, the polio vaccine, which is administered orally.
When conducting immunization, most of the above methods are used.
In addition, immunization methods include skin scratching and spray inhalation.
What is immunization Although we have all been vaccinated, many people do not understand immunization.
Let's take a look at what immunization is.
1. Immunization is what we usually call vaccination. It is an artificial way to make the human body produce corresponding antibodies to resist disease.
Current vaccines are divided into long-term and short-term vaccines. Long-term vaccines refer to vaccines that take effect throughout life after vaccination, such as polio.
Short-acting vaccines refer to one vaccination that will only take effect within a certain period of time, such as the scarlet fever vaccine.
2. In the past, when everyone mentioned immunization, they would think of vaccinating children. However, with the development of medicine in recent years, there are many types of immunization vaccines now available.
There are not only vaccines such as pertussis, measles and polio for children, but also vaccines such as influenza and hepatitis B that are suitable for all ages.
3. When vaccinating, you should understand relevant precautions to avoid affecting the effectiveness of the vaccine or causing side effects such as allergies.
Immunization is an effective means to prevent diseases. Nowadays, there are many incurable diseases in medicine that require vaccination to prevent them, such as rabies vaccine, polio, etc.
The importance of immunization is highly emphasized in our country. Many vaccines are available for free vaccination, which has great significance for disease prevention and control in our country.
1. The ultimate goal of vaccination is to prevent various diseases and reduce the likelihood of contracting them.
This plays an important role in improving the physical fitness of the people and reducing the burden on families.
2. Although medicine is constantly developing, we are helpless about many diseases and cannot be cured after the onset. For example, rabies, once the onset occurs, its mortality rate is 100%.
But now there is a rabies vaccine that can effectively prevent rabies.
3. Even if some infectious diseases can be cured, patients will still have serious sequelae, such as polio. After patients are cured, they usually leave the sequelae of paralysis.
Our country now has preventive vaccines and will provide free vaccination to children.
Immunization is a very important means of disease prevention for all citizens.
Current vaccines can prevent a variety of serious diseases and greatly reduce people's chances of getting sick.
How to issue an immunization certificate? Children need to have an immunization certificate when they enter kindergarten and go to school.
However, if the immunization is lost or not, it will be troublesome.
Next, let me introduce to you how to get an immunization certificate.
1. Because schools and kindergartens are densely populated places and are prone to large-scale spread of infectious diseases, the state has promulgated the "Regulations on the Administration of Vaccine Circulation and Vaccination", requiring children to hold a vaccination certificate when enrolling in childcare or entering school. Only then can they enter childcare and enter school.
2. For children who have completed the prescribed vaccinations, the vaccination department will issue a "Inspection Certificate of Vaccination Certificate for Children Enrolled in Child Care and Enrolled in Child Care" for children to use when entering school.
3. Many parents do not pay enough attention to vaccination certificates and often lose them, which requires a replacement.
When a child has completed vaccination but the "Child Vaccination Certificate" is lost, you can go to the original vaccination institution to reissue the "Child Vaccination Certificate".
After the child completes the vaccination, the vaccination unit will issue an immunization certificate.
If a child has not completed the vaccination, he needs to be revaccinated in a timely manner. Otherwise, he will not be able to enter school without a Child Vaccination Certificate.
Precautions for immunization: Although vaccination can effectively prevent disease, there are also many things to pay attention to when conducting immunization.
What are the precautions for vaccination? 1. Prior to vaccination, it is essential to provide the doctor with details about the recipient's health and vaccination history, and after the vaccination, one must be observed in the hospital for an hour without any adverse reactions before being allowed to leave.
2. In individuals with fever, diarrhea, colds, acute infectious diseases, or a history of allergies, it is not advisable to receive the vaccine. It is necessary to wait until the condition has resolved before vaccination can proceed.
3. Individuals allergic to eggs are ineligible for the flu vaccination.
4. Within 30 minutes before and after the administration of polio vaccine to infants and young children, avoid giving them hot food or breastfeeding.
5. Many vaccines administered after the injection will cause a low-grade fever, which is a normal phenomenon and will disappear on its own once rest is taken.
If the temperature exceeds 38 degrees Celsius, it is necessary to seek medical attention at the hospital.
When undergoing vaccination, it is imperative to adhere to the aforementioned precautions in order to maximize the vaccine's effectiveness and prevent adverse reactions such as allergies.
The medical information provided in this text is for reference only.
If you feel unwell, it is recommended to seek medical attention immediately, and the medical diagnosis and treatment will be subject to offline diagnosis.